Effect of lactose and glycerol on the motility, normal apical ridge, chromatin condensation and chromatin stability of frozen boar spermatozoa.

The effect of lactose and glycerol concentration, as well as the equilibration time with glycerol was studied on motility, normal apical ridge (NAR), and chromatin state of boar spermatozoa after the freezing and thawing process. In the first experiment, samples were frozen in first and second extenders containing different concentrations of lactose (11, 12 and 14%). In the second experiment samples were frozen using second extenders with different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6, 8 and 10%) and were incubated at 5 degrees C for 0 and 30 min. Motility, motility after caffeine treatment, NAR, chromatin condensation and stability (susceptibility to de-condense after heparin treatment) were evaluated. The results indicated that freezing spermatozoa in extenders with increasing concentrations of lactose adversely affected motility but provided a protective effect on acrosomes. Increased lactose concentration induced higher chromatin condensation but maintained the same stability. Increasing the glycerol concentration in the second extender from 4-6 to 8% led to higher motility and NAR as well as lower chromatin condensation and stability. When 30 min equilibration time was allowed after dilution with the same extenders, spermatozoa showed higher NAR and lower chromatin condensation and stability. The longer equilibration time was detrimental for motility when freezing in the 8% glycerol extender but favourable when using the 4% glycerol extender. Compared to the 8% glycerol, spermatozoa frozen in the 10% glycerol extender showed similar motility and increased chromatin condensation and stability, as well as low values of NAR that did not improve by longer incubation time.

[Evaluation of lercanidipine in the general practice setting]. / Evaluación del lercanidipino en Atención Primaria: seguridad y eficacia. Resultados de estudio LAPSE.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and tolerability of a long-acting dihydropyridine in the clinical settings of general practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 110 essential hypertensives were included (age 62.3 +/- 10.8 years, 51 men and 53 women, 38/ obese -IMC >30 kg/m2, ten diabetics). 104 patients ended the followup. Patients were treated with lercanidipine 10 mg once daily in the morning. Follow-up lasted 6 months. When blood pressure was not controlled (BP < 140/90 mmHg) in any visit, a second drug was added, excluding calcium channel blockers. Antiadrenergic drugs were recommended. If patients were not controlled ittwo consecutive visits they were excluded from follow-up. RESULTS: Significant reductions in both systolic (baseline 157.4 +/- 11.7 vs 131.1 +/- 6.8 mmHg, p < 0,001) and diastolic BP (baseline 94.7 +/- 5.8 vs 80.0 +/- 5.5 mmHg, p < 0,001) were attained at six months. Mean SBP decrease was 26.7 mmHg and mean DBP reduction was 15.6 mmHg. At the study end, 84.3/ of the patients achieved a BP < 140/90 mmHg. Thirty patients needed a second drug to become controlled (26 at the study end). The overall incidence of adverse effects was 4,4/ (n=6) and just three patients withdrew the treatment due to untoward effects. Plasmatic cholesterol lowered from 225.3 +/- 41.0 to 216.7 +/- 25.3 mg/dl (p = 0,03) and urate decreased from 5.6 +/- 1.6 to 5.1 +/- 1.4 mgldl, p = 0,03). CONCLUSIONS: Lercanidipine is a calcium channel blockers of high efficacy and low incidence of adverse effects in the clinical settings of general practice. It seems to have a positive metabolic effects on plasmatic levels of cholesterol and urate.

Evaluación del lercanidipino en Atención Primaria: seguridad y eficacia. Resultados del estudio LAPSE / Evaluation of lercanidipine in general practice setting

Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia de una calcioantagonista con escasos efectos secundarios en los estudios hospitalarios en el ambiente habitual de trabajo de Atención Primaria. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 110 pacientes, de los cuales 104 terminaron el estudio. La edad media eran 62,3 ± 10,8 años, siendo 51 hombres y 53 mujeres. Un 38 por ciento de los pacientes eran obesos (IMC > 30 kg/m2) y 10 pacientes eran diabéticos. Los enfermos fueron tratados con lercanidipino a la dosis de 10 mg una vez al día por la mañana. Los enfermos fueron examinados física y analíticamente al principio del estudio y a los 45, 90 y 180 días. En el caso de que la PA no estuviera controlada se añadía un segundo agente no calcioantagonista (se recomendó un agente antiadrenérgico y se reevaluaba al paciente 30 días después, siendo excluido si no había mejorado su PA. Resultados: La PAS se redujo desde 157,4 ± 11,7 hasta 131,1 ± 6,8 mmHg (p < 0,001). La PAD mostró una reducción similar (de 94,7 ± 5,8 a 80,0 ± 5,5 mmHg, p < 0,001). EI descenso medio final fue de 26,7 mmHg en la PAS y 15,6 mmHg en la PAD. Un 84,3 por ciento de los enfermos presentaban ambos componentes de la PA controlados en la última visita. Treinta pacientes precisaron añadir un segundo fármaco en la primera visita, pero sólo 26 de ellos seguían necesitándolo al acabar el estudio. Un 4,4 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron efectos secundarios n = 6 y solamente 3 de ellos abandonaron el tratamiento por esta causa. Durante el seguimiento se demostró una reducción del colesterol total (225,3 ± 41,0 frente a 216,7 ± 25,3 mg/dl, p = 0,03) y urato séricos (5,6 ± 1,6 frente a 5,1 ± 1,4 mg/dl, p = 0,03). Conclusiones: El lercanidipino parece un calcioantagonista de gran eficacia y escasos efectos secundarios cuando se prueba en condiciones reales de utilización en Atención Primaria. Su neutralidad desde el punto de vista metabólico es un aspecto importante de sus benetlcios (AU)